Understanding aggregations can sometimes depend on what you’re trying to … They are a compilation of aggregated, or summarised, calculations of the number of individuals, household residents, or families in particular geographic areas with specific characteristics, or compounds of characteristics, taken from the subjects of people and places, populations, families, health, ethnicity and religion, housing and work. In concrete, cement reacts with water and ensuing cement paste sets and harden resulting in shrinkage. These schools tend to serve a higher-need student population with larger learning deficits, to be underfunded (compared to wealthier districts), to have less-experienced or less-skilled teachers, and to face an array of additional obstacles that contribute to lower performance—yet the aggregate data presented in state report cards may not provide this contextual information. Instead, aggregate data collects, combines and communicates details in terms of totals or summary. Aggregate supply and demand is a visual representation of the results of two aggregate functions, one performed on a production data set and another on a spending data set. To aggregate data is to compile and summarize data; to disaggregate data is to break down aggregated data into component parts or smaller units of data. In public education, aggregate data have been widely collected and publicly reported for decades. Growth modelling and longitudinal modelling based on aggregate data are also difficult because variables can vary over time. Definition of aggregate data in the Definitions.net dictionary. In the US, some of the US data are presented in the form of tables. Policymakers can employ aggregate data to better understand the developments of a country’s economic and financial conditions. In order to simulate individual death cases on the map, you will need either count of death cases per geographic unit or crude rate without age-adjustment or smoothing by age categories. [5] Aggregate data are useful for researchers when they are interested in investigating on the relationships between two distinct variables at the aggregate level, and the connections between an aggregate variable and a characteristic at the individual level. Official or non-official agencies also collect and compile aggregate data on an ongoing basis through utilising infrastructures available within a department at the field level. Banks are not permitted to share customers’ personal data, but aggregate data can be shared with banks’ business customers and can be accessed by other partners who also use the same platform to acquire information on aggregate data. [13], In a health information system, aggregate data is the integration of data concerning numerous patients. … Health facilities use this type of aggregated statistics to generate reports and indicators, and to undertake strategic planning in their health systems. Example sentences with "aggregate data", translation memory . An example of a ‘money-like’ instrument is deposits in the bank account. [16] Aggregate data can also be used in non-experimental analysis such as regression discontinuity analysis and interrupted time-series analysis. Eventually, individual information may also be required. Aggregate Data and Healthcare. Synonyms: full, sum, sum total… Find the right word. Data aggregation is a type of data and information mining process where data is searched, gathered and presented in a report-based, summarized format to achieve specific business objectives or processes and/or conduct human analysis. Created by the Great Schools Partnership, the GLOSSARY OF EDUCATION REFORM is a comprehensive online resource that describes widely used school-improvement terms, concepts, and strategies for journalists, parents, and community members. What does aggregate mean? For example, graduation rates are widely considered to be “aggregate data,” while graduation rates reported for different subgroups of students—say, for students of different races and ethnicities—is typically considered to be “disaggregated data.” Yet to produce reports that disaggregate graduation rates by race and ethnicity, data on individual students actually has to be “aggregated” to produce summary graduation rates for different racial subgroups. The district could not, however, determine whether there have been increases or declines in the enrollment of white and non-white students based on the aggregate data it received from its schools. Related Pages. Those who oppose the use of aggregate data in job-performance evaluations generally argue that using aggregate data to evaluate individual educators is often misrepresentative and unfair. [3] Although aggregate data has wider applicability than individual-level data, it is more challenging for researchers to tackle with analysis on subgroup results when aggregate data is used. While aggregate data such as high school graduation rates or average test scores can yield a variety of important insights, a significant number of school leaders, researchers, education reformers, and policy makers have advocated in recent years for the importance of disaggregating data to expose underlying trends and issues such achievement gaps, opportunity gaps, learning gaps, and other inequities in the public-education system. Generally speaking, the main purpose of collecting and reporting aggregate data is to provide useful information about the performance of public schools and public-school students to those who are monitoring schools or working to improve them. Aggregates are produced by combining information from multiple sources. clustered in a dense mass or head. Its data are sourced from the lead data providers responsible for offering integrated urgent care services in England. In economics, aggregate data or data aggregates describes high-level data that is composed of a multitude or combination of other more individual data.. in macroeconomics data such as the overall price level or overall inflation rate; in microeconomics data of an entire sector of an economy composed of many … Aggregate Information means any aggregate anonymous information or data derived from Customer use of the Kinvey Platform Services that is aggregated with information and data from Kinvey’s other customers and is not specific to a person, does not include personally identifiable information, and cannot be used, alone or in conjunction with other information, to identify any specific person and … To aggregate data is to compile and summarize data; to disaggregate data is to break down aggregated data into component parts or smaller units of data. [8], In the UK, the Integrated Urgent Care Aggregate Data Collection (IUC ADC) provides comprehensive information about IUC activity, its performance, as well as its service demand. [17] Information loss occurs because aggregation of data ignores individual variation as if it were only a type of statistical noise or measurement error. Find out with the latest Ed Term of the Week:…. means data collected and reported at the group, cohort, or institutional level that is aggregated using protocols that are effective for preserving the anonymity of each individual included in the data. thesaurus. Examples of sources for these US aggregate data include the United States Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, and Social Explorer. Aggregation is a mathematical operation that takes multiple values and returns a single value: operations like sum, average, count, or minimum. The meaning of the term is that the variability around the individual-level means is significantly different from the variability encompassing the aggregate means. Aggregates occupy 70 to 80% of the volume of concrete. Data aggregation is any process whereby data is gathered and expressed in a summary form. Problems Using Aggregate Data to Infer Individual Behavior: Evidence from Law, Finance, and Ownership Concentration shows that the fundamental difference in methodology is not innocuous but is often critical to their results. If, for example, the only graduation data available are annual rates for individual schools, this aggregate data may hide significant disparities in graduation rates for students from low-income households, students of color, students with disabilities, or students who are not proficient in the English language. [19] The census aggregate data are used to compare and describe population characteristics across various locations in the UK because they are able to provide comparable information at a range of geographical levels over the entire UK. Aggregate data collected from various sources are used in different areas of studies such as comparative political analysis and APD scientific analysis for further analyses. For example, educators, students, and parents in a school district may be surveyed on a topic, and the information and comments from those surveys could then be “aggregated” into a report that shows what the surveyed individuals generally think and feel about the issue. The use of aggregate data in the job-performance evaluations of administrators and teachers may also become a topic of debate for a wide variety of reasons, many of which mirror debates related to school report cards. [2], Financial aggregates data is a type of aggregate data about credit and the money supply in Australia, which is utilised by policymakers in evaluating both the households and the companies’ economic and financial activities. Learn more. aggregate: [adjective] formed by the collection of units or particles into a body, mass, or amount : collective: such as. Before the early 2000s, most state education agencies and districts only collected aggregate data on students enrolled in public schools. ©2014 Great Schools Partnership | 482 Congress Street, Suite 500 | Portland, ME 04101 | 207.773.0505 | greatschoolspartnership.org, The Glossary of Education Reform for Journalists, Parents, and Community Members, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Do you know what it means when data is disaggregated? [19], Statistical Abstract of the United States, United States Preventive Services Task Force, "Using Aggregate Administrative Data in Social Policy Research", "Community types, socio-economic structure and IHD mortality—A contextual analysis based on Swedish aggregate data", "Updates to Australia's financial aggregates", "Banks have lots of information about you — and they don't keep it all to themselves - ABC Life", "Statistics Â» Integrated Urgent Care Aggregate Data Collection (IUC ADC) Experimental Statistics 2019-20", "Integrated Urgent Care Aggregate Data Collection (IUC ADC) for March 2020 (Experimental)", "Research Guides: Data resources for social science: Aggregate data", "The Use of Aggregate Data in Comparative Political Analysis", "The strengths and limitations of meta-analyses based on aggregate data", "3.5 Difference between Aggregated and Patient data in a HIS", "Scientists launch data archive to bolster research on COVID-19", "Assessing the Use of Aggregate Data in the Evaluation of School-Based Interventions: Implications for Evaluation Research and State Policy Regarding Public-Use Data", "Problems Using Aggregate Data to Infer Individual Behavior: Evidence from Law, Finance, and Ownership Concentration", "Taking the aggravation out of data aggregation: A conceptual guide to dealing with statistical issues related to the pooling of individual-level observational data", Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aggregate_data&oldid=995352763, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 15:58. [5] For example, governments around the world use of aggregate mobile location data for analysis in response to Covid-19. When investigating or reporting on topics such as aggregate data or disaggregated data, it is important to determine precisely how the terms are being used in a particular context. Aggregate patient data are also used in time-to-event studies of meta-analyses as the results can inform investors about the worthiness to proceed to conducting more meta-analyses that are based on resource-intensive individual patient data. [7], Banks collect aggregated data from a significant number of customers and then anonymise the data through eliminating personal information. If no break variables are specified, then the entire dataset is a single break group. Using Aggregate Data . If you want to learn how to restore a database backup in PostgreSQL, you can follow the first section of this tutorial.If you were able to restore the backup, you should see a table named international_debt within the database (you will need to create a database first, though if you don't have one). Aggregate mobile location data could provide insights about the effectiveness of social distancing measures launched by governments. It is often used for disease prevention purposes. Governments also use aggregate data to identify possible “hot spots” and the potential for transmission. Definition: Data obtained by aggregation, as distinct from unit record data. [18] Inference also vary from one to another when either individual firm data or aggregated data is used for analysis. Information collected during polls, interviews, and focus groups can be aggregated in a similar fashion. Aggregate data refers to numerical or non-numerical information that is (1) collected from multiple sources and/or on multiple measures, variables, or individuals and (2) compiled into data summaries or summary reports, typically for the purposes of public reporting or statistical analysis—i.e., examining trends, making comparisons, or revealing information and insights that would not be … They are expressed in per capita terms in order to control for the variations in the areal units’ population size. Economics Denoting the total supply or demand for goods and services in an economy at a particular time. School report cards, and other forms of statewide reporting on the performance of individual public schools, may become an object of debate or controversy for a wide variety of reasons—far too many to comprehensively discuss here. [5], Aggregate data are used by governments to develop more effective policies because they serve as a measure of how capable a government is to be aware of the demands and needs of its citizens and a measure of the way a government maintains social order effectively. (the information collected and maintained on individual students is often called student-level data, among other terms). It will also be used as a formal source for IUC statistics, as well as to oversee the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the IUC ADC. Another word for aggregate: total, body, whole, amount, collection | Collins English Thesaurus Data aggregation is the process of gathering data and presenting it in a summarized format. Aggregate data is widely used, but it also accompanies with some limitations, including drawing inaccurate inferences and false conclusions which is also termed as ‘ecological fallacy’. This is a crucial step, since the accuracy of insights from data analysis depends heavily on the amount and quality of data used. Most likely, this distinction between aggregated and disaggregated data arose because, historically, only aggregated data on school-wide, district-wide, or statewide educational performance was readily or publicly available. Information and translations of aggregate data in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. When data scientists rely on aggregate data, they cannot access the raw information. The district now has aggregate enrollment information about the students attending its schools. Aggregate: a complete amount of something. [7], In the UK, census aggregate data are data generated as outputs from the United Kingdom censuses. It allows healthcare professionals to to identify common characteristics that might predict the course of the disease or provide information about the most effective way to treat a disease. The Glossary of Education Reform welcomes your comments and suggestions. This refers to summary statistics that describe a group or a social trend. [7], Credit aggregates are measurements of the households and businesses’ borrowings from financial intermediaries. Definition of aggregate data in the Definitions.net dictionary. [11], Aggregate data is used in comparative political analysis because analysts do not only focus on individual’s behaviour. Aggregate data are applied in statistics, data warehouses, and in economics. For a related discussion, see value-added measures. [2], Aggregate data are mainly used by researchers and analysts, policymakers, banks and administrators for multiple reasons. [10], National or regional level of available empirical data are used by administrators and intellectuals, as well as people who are concerned about a region or a society’s welfare, as sources of reference. See more. The aggregate … translation and definition "aggregate data", Dictionary English-English online. patents-wipo. SAVED WORDS dictionary. [3] ‘Ecological fallacy’ means that it is invalid for users to draw conclusions on the ecological relationships between two quantitative variables at the individual level. Census aggregate data are also utilised in the academic sector for teaching and research purposes, as well as for site location and marketing in the private sector. To cite one illustrative example, however, a common point of contention is the tendency for schools located in high-poverty or high-minority communities to receive significantly lower grades on state report cards. While this distinction between aggregated and disaggregated data may appear straightforward, there is a nuance worth discussing here: a lot of “disaggregated” data in education is actually data that has been technically aggregated, at some level, from records maintained on individual students. Patient-based data are mainly used to track the progress of a patient, such as how the patient responds to particular treatment, over time. Aggregate data is high-level data which is acquired by combining individual-level data. What does aggregate data mean? [19], Aggregate data are used as components of the UK censuses’ outputs. Define Aggregate Data. The more common form of aggregate in sociology is aggregate data. See more. The amount of funds borrowed by businesses for purposes including project investments, assets purchases, or cash flow managements are also measured using credit aggregates. They are used to evaluate policies, recognise trends and patterns of processes, gain relevant insights, and assess current measures for strategic planning. For instance, calculation of country averages does not account for firm-specific variables, such as firm size, firm age, or firm-ownership concentration, but calculation of individual averages does. LOG IN; REGISTER; settings. The aggregated patient data are utilised by users including the Cochrane Collaboration, the United States Preventive Services Task Force, and multiple professional societies in providing support for clinical practice guidelines. For the most part, the use of aggregate data has not been a controversial topic in public education, primarily because aggregate data present far fewer concerns about student safety and privacy than the collection, sharing, and use of data and personal information about specific students. While most aggregate education data is numerical—e.g., graduation and dropout rates, average standardized-test scores for a school or district, the average amount of funding spent per student in a state, etc.—it’s both possible and common to aggregate non-numeric information. They are obtained from analysis on the information given in the census returns. The data may be gathered from multiple data sources with the intent of combining these data sources into a summaryfor data analysis. Today, however, all 50 states in the United States have state-level systems that collect and maintain student-level data, not just aggregate records, which allows state education agencies to produce both aggregated and disaggregated reports on schools and students (public-school districts typically collect student-level data from schools, and states collect student-level data from districts). The concept was brought about by Robinson (1950). For example, the crash rate per VMT can be calculated for two cities and a fair comparison between the two cities is … [12], Factors including the need for time, considerable resources and wide international cooperation, impeded the use of individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis, which led to most of the published meta-analyses relying upon aggregate patient data (APD). view … It’s possible for a school’s aggregate graduation rate to appear strong overall—say, 90 percent—but when the data are disaggregated for different groups of students, the disaggregation may reveal, for example, that more than 50 percent of the African American and Hispanic students in the school fail to graduate. Aggregate definition, formed by the conjunction or collection of particulars into a whole mass or sum; total; combined: the aggregate amount of indebtedness. A total considered with reference to its constituent parts; a gross amount. Aggregate data refers to numerical or non-numerical information that is (1) collected from multiple sources and/or on multiple measures, variables, or individuals and (2) compiled into data summaries or summary reports, typically for the purposes of public reporting or statistical analysis—i.e., examining trends, making comparisons, or revealing information and insights that would not be observable when data elements are viewed in isolation. Meaning of aggregate data. SINCE 1828. [16], During the process of averaging units within some cluster or within a country, information is lost which increases the probability of drawing inaccurate inferences. Data points that represent a group average instead of information from an individual are called aggregates. [5] In particular, administrators utilise aggregate data for assessments in current political, religious, social, or other atmosphere of a nation to track the gaps in social responses relating to time and space, and to dictate priorities for action. [5] For example, a researcher collects, collates, or compiles aggregate data through utilising multiple mechanisms of social research, including inventory, interview, an opinionnaire, and a questionnaire or schedule. Information is only viewable in groups and as part of a summary, not per the individual. For instance, the output of an industry is an aggregate of the firms’ individual outputs within that industry. The main reason for banks to use aggregate data is to estimate economic trends and gain insights on customer clusters. Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals. Differences exist between results generated from aggregate data and individual data. That said, a variety of debates related to the use of aggregate data in education have emerged in recent years, typically in response to (1) the use of public reports, often called “school report cards,” intended to provide families and the public with summarized assessments of individual school performance, and (2) the use of average student test scores and other aggregate measures in the job-performance evaluations of educators. Aggregate data refers to individual data that are averaged by geographic area, by year, by service agency, or by other means. [12] Aggregate data are widely available because demographic, socio-economic, and political data are collected and published by the nations. aggregate data definition in English dictionary, aggregate data meaning, synonyms, see also 'in the aggregate',aggregately',aggregative',aggregation'. Aggregation refers to a data mining process popular in statistics. 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Students enrolled in public schools, data warehouses, and antonyms can aggregated. That industry that describe a group or total are not required in these non-experimental analyses ANZ...